GIMP has thirty-eight layer modes, split up in seven types:
Normal
Lighten
Darken
Contrast
Inversion
HSV components
LCh components
Open your images. Open the two exposures in Photoshop as layers. This can be simply done with. Exposure-blend makes quick work of blending 3 bracketed exposures into a detailed, realistic, extended contrast image. It has many features to save you the drudgery of.
Layer modes are also sometimes called 'blending modes'. Selecting a layer mode changes the appearance of the layer or image, based on the layer or layers beneath it. If there is only one layer, the layer mode has no effect. There must therefore be at least two layers in the image to be able to use layer modes.
You can set the layer mode in the Mode menu in the Layers dialog. GIMP uses the layer mode to determine how to combine each pixel in the top layer with the pixel in the same location in the layer below it.
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There is a drop-down list in the Toolbox options box which contains modes that affect the painting tools in a similar way to the layer modes. You can use all of the same modes for painting that are available for layers, and there are two additional modes just for the painting tools. See Section 3.3, 'Brush Tools (Pencil, Paintbrush, Airbrush)'. |
Layer modes permit complex color changes in the image. They are often used with a new layer which acts as a kind of mask. For example, if you put a solid white layer over an image and set the layer mode of the new layer to 'Saturation', the underlying visible layers will appear in shades of gray.
Exposure has creative tools you won't find in any other photo editor. These tools include a powerful color editor for sophisticated color adjustments, realistic film grain, creative lens focus and tilt-shift effects, and a huge number of overlays – light effects, textures, and borders. How to create a exposure blend in GIMP This is now the actual tutorial step by step tutorial where we are going to create a exposure blend from the tree lamp images. First open the GIMP. Then click on File and then choose Open.
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Prior to blending, images have gamma correction removed and are converted from sRGB to linear. After blending, they are converted back from linear to sRGB. However, before converting back to sRGB, opacity is applied. |
Figure 8.8. Images (masks) for layer mode examples
Figure 8.9. Images (backgrounds) for layer mode examples
In the descriptions of the layer modes below, the equations are also shown. This is for those who are curious about the mathematics of the layer modes. You do not need to understand the equations in order to use the layer modes effectively, however.
The equations are in a shorthand notation. For example, the equation
Equation 8.1. Example
means, ' For each pixel in the upper (Mask)and lower (Image) layer, add each of the corresponding color components together to form the E resulting pixel's color. ' Pixel color components must always be between 0 and 255.
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Unless the description below says otherwise, a negative color component is set to 0 and a color component larger than 255 is set to 255. |
The examples below show the effects of each of the modes.
Since the results of each mode vary greatly depending upon the colors on the layers, these images can only give you a general idea of how the modes work. You are encouraged to try them out yourself. You might start with two similar layers, where one is a copy of the other, but slightly modified (by being blurred, moved, rotated, scaled, color-inverted, etc.) and seeing what happens with the layer modes.
Normal Layer Modes
In this group, only 'Normal' is normal. Most other modes are rather cancellation modes.
Figure 8.10. Example for layer mode 'Normal'
Both images are blended into each other with the same intensity.
With 100% opacity only the upper layer is shown when blending with 'Normal'.
Normal mode is the default layer mode. The layer on top covers the layers below it. If you want to see anything below the top layer when you use this mode, the layer must have some transparent areas.
The equation is:
Equation 8.2. Equation for layer mode 'Normal'
Figure 8.11. Example for layer mode 'Dissolve'
Both images are blended into each other with the same intensity.
With 100% opacity only the upper layer is shown when blending with 'dissolve'.
Dissolve mode dissolves the upper layer into the layer beneath it by drawing a random pattern of pixels in areas of partial transparency. It is useful as a layer mode, but it is also often useful as a painting mode.
This is especially visible along the edges within an image. It is easiest to see in an enlarged screenshot. The image on the left illustrates 'Normal' layer mode (enlarged) and the image on the right shows the same two layers in 'Dissolve' mode, where it can be clearly seen how the pixels are dispersed.
Figure 8.12. Enlarged screenshots
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Lighten Layer Modes
Figure 8.13. Example for layer mode 'Lighten only'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Lighten only mode compares each component of each pixel in the upper layer with the corresponding one in the lower layer and uses the larger value in the resulting image. Completely black layers have no effect on the final image and completely white layers result in a white image.
The equation is:
Equation 8.3. Equation for layer mode 'Lighten only'
The mode is commutative; the order of the two layers doesn't matter.
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Figure 8.14. Example for layer mode 'Screen'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Screen mode inverts the values of each of the visible pixels in the two layers of the image. (That is, it subtracts each of them from 255.) Then it multiplies them together, divides by 255 and inverts this value again. The resulting image is usually brighter, and sometimes 'washed out' in appearance. The exceptions to this are a black layer, which does not change the other layer, and a white layer, which results in a white image. Darker colors in the image appear to be more transparent.
The equation is:
Equation 8.4. Equation for layer mode 'Screen'
The mode is commutative; the order of the two layers doesn't matter.
Figure 8.15. Example for layer mode 'Dodge'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Dodge mode multiplies the pixel value of the lower layer by 256, then divides that by the inverse of the pixel value of the top layer. The resulting image is usually lighter, but some colors may be inverted.
In photography, dodging is a technique used in a darkroom to decrease the exposure in particular areas of the image. This brings out details in the shadows. When used for this purpose, dodge may work best on Grayscale images and with a painting tool, rather than as a layer mode.
The equation is:
Equation 8.5. Equation for layer mode 'Dodge'
Figure 8.16. Example for layer mode 'Addition'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Addition mode is very simple. The pixel values of the upper and lower layers are added to each other. The resulting image is usually lighter. The equation can result in color values greater than 255, so some of the light colors may be set to the maximum value of 255.
The equation is:
Equation 8.6. Equation for layer mode 'Addition'
The mode is commutative; the order of the two layers doesn't matter.
Darken Layer Modes
Figure 8.17. Example for layer mode 'Darken only'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Darken only mode compares each component of each pixel in the upper layer with the corresponding one in the lower layer and uses the smaller value in the resulting image. Completely white layers have no effect on the final image and completely black layers result in a black image.
The equation is:
Equation 8.7. Equation for layer mode 'Darken only'
Gimp Exposure Blend
The mode is commutative; the order of the two layers doesn't matter.
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Figure 8.18. Example for layer mode 'Multiply'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Multiply mode multiplies the pixel values of the upper layer with those of the layer below it and then divides the result by 255. The result is usually a darker image. If either layer is white, the resulting image is the same as the other layer (1 * I = I). If either layer is black, the resulting image is completely black (0 * I = 0).
The equation is:
Equation 8.8. Equation for layer mode 'Multiply'
The mode is commutative; the order of the two layers doesn't matter.
Figure 8.19. Example for layer mode 'Burn'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Burn mode inverts the pixel value of the lower layer, multiplies it by 256, divides that by one plus the pixel value of the upper layer, then inverts the result. It tends to make the image darker, somewhat similar to 'Multiply' mode.
In photography, burning is a technique used in a darkroom to increase the exposure in particular areas of the image. This brings out details in the highlights. Download yosemite without app store. When used for this purpose, burn may work best on Grayscale images and with a painting tool, rather than as a layer mode.
The equation is:
Equation 8.9. Equation for layer mode 'Burn'
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Contrast Layer Modes
Figure 8.20. Example for layer mode 'Overlay'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Overlay mode inverts the pixel value of the lower layer, multiplies it by two times the pixel value of the upper layer, adds that to the original pixel value of the lower layer, divides by 255, and then multiplies by the pixel value of the original lower layer and divides by 255 again. It darkens the image, but not as much as with 'Multiply' mode.
The equation is: [5]
Equation 8.10. Equation for layer mode 'Overlay'
Figure 8.21. Example for layer mode 'Soft light'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Soft light is not related to 'Hard light' in anything but the name, but it does tend to make the edges softer and the colors not so bright. It is similar to 'Overlay' mode. In some versions of GIMP, 'Overlay' mode and 'Soft light' mode are identical.
The equation is complicated. It needs Rs, the result of Screen mode :
Equation 8.11. Equation for layer mode 'Screen'
Equation 8.12. Equation for layer mode 'Soft light'
Figure 8.22. Example for layer mode 'Hard light'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Hard light mode is rather complicated because the equation consists of two parts, one for darker colors and one for brighter colors. If the pixel color of the upper layer is greater than 128, the layers are combined according to the first formula shown below. Otherwise, the pixel values of the upper and lower layers are multiplied together and multiplied by two, then divided by 256. You might use this mode to combine two photographs and obtain bright colors and sharp edges.
The equation is complex and different according to the value >128 or < 128:
Equation 8.13. Equation for layer mode 'Hard light', M > 128
Equation 8.14. Equation for layer mode 'Hard light', M < 128
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Inversion Layer Modes
Figure 8.23. Example for layer mode 'Difference'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Difference mode subtracts the pixel value of the upper layer from that of the lower layer and then takes the absolute value of the result. No matter what the original two layers look like, the result looks rather odd. You can use it to invert elements of an image.
The equation is:
Equation 8.15. Equation for layer mode 'Difference'
The mode is commutative; the order of the two layers doesn't matter.
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Figure 8.24. Example for layer mode 'Subtract'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Subtract mode subtracts the pixel values of the upper layer from the pixel values of the lower layer. The resulting image is normally darker. You might get a lot of black or near-black in the resulting image. The equation can result in negative color values, so some of the dark colors may be set to the minimum value of 0.
The equation is:
Equation 8.16. Equation for layer mode 'Subtraction'
Figure 8.25. Example for layer mode 'Grain extract'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Telecharger Exposure Blend Gimp
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Grain extract mode is supposed to extract the 'film grain' from a layer to produce a new layer that is pure grain, but it can also be useful for giving images an embossed appearance. It subtracts the pixel value of the upper layer from that of the lower layer and adds 128.
The equation is:
Equation 8.17. Equation for layer mode 'Grain extract'
There are two more layer modes, but these are available only for painting tools. See Painting Modes for detailed information.
Figure 8.26. Example for layer mode 'Grain merge'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Gimp Exposure Blend Plugin
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Grain merge mode merges a grain layer (possibly one created from the 'Grain extract' mode) into the current layer, leaving a grainy version of the original layer. It does just the opposite of 'Grain extract'. It adds the pixel values of the upper and lower layers together and subtracts 128.
The equation is:
Equation 8.18. Equation for layer mode 'Grain merge'
Figure 8.27. Example for layer mode 'Divide'
Mask 1 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Mask 2 is used as upper layer with 100% opacity.
Divide mode multiplies each pixel value in the lower layer by 256 and then divides that by the corresponding pixel value of the upper layer plus one. (Adding one to the denominator avoids dividing by zero.) The resulting image is often lighter, and sometimes looks 'burned out'.
The equation is:
Equation 8.19. Equation for layer mode 'Divide'
HSV Components Layer Modes
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LCh Components Layer Modes
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Gimp Exposure Stacking
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Each layer in an image can have a different layer mode. (Of course, the layer mode of the bottom layer of an image has no effect.) The effects of these layer modes are cumulative. The image shown below has three layers. The top layer consists of Wilber surrounded by transparency and has a layer mode of 'Difference'. The second layer is solid light blue and has a layer mode of 'Addition'. The bottom layer is filled with the 'Red Cubes' pattern.
Figure 8.28. Multi layer example
GIMP also has similar modes which are used for the painting tools. These are the same twenty-one modes as the layer modes, plus additionally two modes which are specific to the painting tools. You can set these modes from the Mode menu in the Tools option dialog. In the equations shown above, the layer you are painting on is the 'lower layer' and the pixels painted by the tool are the 'upper layer'. Naturally, you do not need more than one layer in the image to use these modes, since they only operate on the current layer and the selected painting tool.
See Section 3.1.3, 'Paint Mode Examples' for a description of the two additional painting modes.
[5] The equation is the *theoretical* equation. Due to Bug #162395 , the actual equation is equivalent to Soft light. It is difficult to fix this bug without changing the appearance of existing images.
GIMP (standsfrom GNU Image Manipulation Program) is an open source image andphoto editing tool. In short, GIMP is the free and open-sourcealternative to Photoshop, available for almost all operatingsystems (Linux, Microsoft Windows, OS X).
Image blending is a common task. It can be appliedwith many ways. Here is a simple example.
According to this UN report, more people worldwide havemobile phones than toilets. I want to write an article about thisreport and I will blend two images to use the result as the articleimage.
Source images
I will use two public domain images. The first one showsmen silhouettes using mobile phone photos:
Second image shows a ground toilete inBotswana:
Open images
From the Menu, select: File → Open as Layers…
Use CTRL + CLICK to select the images. The result is
Resize canvas and arrange images
From the Menu, select: Image → Canvas Size…
Using the Move Tool from the Toolbox window
Place second image to the right side of canvas
Add Layer Mask
From the Layers window, select the second image and Add LayerMask
Hit Add
Blend images
From the Toolbox window, select the Blend Tool
Click and drag the Blend Tool in the images overlap
The result is
Blending result
This is the finally blending result:
Experimenting with different parameters can give even betterresults.
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